Research Article
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Efficacies of Secondary Metabolites from the Roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Study
Table 1
Inhibition zone (mean ± SD, in mm) of CH2Cl2 : MeOH (1 : 1) extract and the isolated compounds (1–6).
| Bacterial strain | Conc. (mg/mL) | Average inhibition zone (mm) (3 trials) | CH2Cl2 : MeOH extract | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Ciprofloxacin (30 μg/disc) |
| E. coli | 2 | 18.00 ± 0.00 | 12.67 ± 0.47 | 13.50 ± 0.87 | 14.30 ± 0.47 | 14.67 ± 0.47 | 16.17 ± 0.24 | 15.33 ± 0.24 | 21.33 ± 0.47 | 1 | 14.50 ± 0.41 | 10.50 ± 0.41 | 11.33 ± 0.47 | 11.67 ± 0.47 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 13.50 ± 0.41 | 12.50 ± 0.41 | | 0.5 | 11.50 ± 0.41 | 9.33 ± 0.47 | 9.50 ± 0.00 | 9.83 ± 0.24 | 10.00 ± 0.00 | 11.33 ± 0.47 | 10.50 ± 0.41 | | 0.25 | 9.83 ± 0.24 | 7.00 ± 0.00 | 7.67 ± 0.47 | 8.83 ± 0.24 | 9.00 ± 0.00 | 9.83 ± 0.24 | 9.67 ± 0.47 | |
| S. aureus | 2 | 17.16 ± 0.24 | 11.83 ± 0.24 | 13.33 ± 0.47 | 14.00 ± 0.00 | 14.33 ± 0.47 | 16.67 ± 0.47 | 15.33 ± 0.47 | 21.50 ± 0.41 | 1 | 13.83 ± 0.24 | 9.83 ± 0.24 | 10.16 ± 0.24 | 11.33 ± 0.47 | 11.50 ± 0.41 | 12.67 ± 0.47 | 11.67 ± 0.47 | | 0.5 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 8.16 ± 0.24 | 8.50 ± 0.41 | 9.33 ± 0.47 | 9.50 ± 0.41 | 10.00 ± 0.00 | 9.67 ± 0.47 | | 0.25 | 9.50 ± 0.41 | NA | 7.33 ± 0.47 | 8.16 ± 0.24 | 8.33 ± 0.47 | 9.33 ± 0.47 | 8.83 ± 0.24 | |
| P. aeruginosa | 2 | 15.67 ± 0.47 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 12.50 ± 0.41 | 14.16 ± 0.24 | 13.16 ± 0.24 | 12.67 ± 0.47 | 13.83 ± 0.24 | 20.00 ± 0.81 | 1 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 9.33 ± 0.47 | 10.16 ± 0.24 | 11.50 ± 0.41 | 10.83 ± 0.24 | 10.33 ± 0.47 | 11.16 ± 0.24 | | 0.5 | 10.16 ± 0.24 | 8.00 ± 0.00 | 8.83 ± 0.24 | 10.00 ± 0.00 | 9.33 ± 0.47 | 9.16 ± 0.24 | 9.50 ± 0.41 | | 0.25 | 8.50 ± 0.00 | NA | 7.16 ± 0.24 | 8.33 ± 0.47 | 7.67 ± 0.47 | 7.33 ± 0.47 | 8.00 ± 0.00 | |
| S. pyogenes | 2 | 16.33 ± 0.47 | 12.50 ± 0.41 | 12.83 ± 0.24 | 15.33 ± 0.47 | 14.50 ± 0.00 | 13.67 ± 0.47 | 13.83 ± 0.24 | 21.00 ± 0.81 | 1 | 13.16 ± 0.24 | 9.67 ± 0.47 | 10.00 ± 0.00 | 11.67 ± 0.47 | 11.33 ± 0.47 | 10.67 ± 0.47 | 10.83 ± 0.24 | | 0.5 | 10.83 ± 0.24 | 8.33 ± 0.47 | 8.67 ± 0.47 | 10.16 ± 0.24 | 9.50 ± 0.00 | 9.00 ± 0.00 | 9.16 ± 0.24 | | 0.25 | 9.50 ± 0.41 | 7.16 ± 0.24 | 7.33 ± 0.47 | 9.00 ± 0.81 | 8.67 ± 0.47 | 7.83 ± 0.24 | 8.00 ± 0.81 | |
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CH2Cl2, dichloromethane; MeOH, methanol; NA, no activity; SD, standard deviation. For CH2Cl2 : MeOH (1 : 1) extract, 2: 50 mg/mL, 1: 25 mg/mL, 0.5: 12.5 mg/mL, and 0.25: 6.25 mg/mL.
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