Antimicrobial Resistance and Associated Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Settings

Table 5

Risk factors associated with C. difficile associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients.

Risk factors	(n = 128)	value
Age group (60–80 years)	48 (15.5%)	<0.002
Age groups below 60 years	80
Gender: male	83
Female	45
Hospitalized recently	102
Not hospitalized recently	26	<0.0001
Antibiotics used in last 2 weeks	113
Antibiotics not used	15
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) used	87	<0.0003
PPI not used	41
Chemotherapy used	42
Chemotherapy not used	86	<0.001
H2 blockers used	68
H2 blockers not used	60
Diabetes positive	71	0.007
Diabetes negative	57
Hypertension present	82	0.006
Hypertension absent	46
Kidney disease present	47
Kidney disease not present	81
Liver disorder present	51
Liver disorder absent	77	0.008
Any kind of malignancy present	21
Malignancy absent	105
Cholelithiasis surgery	45	0.007
Surgery not done	83
Colon surgery done	24
Colon surgery not done	104