Circulating CD4⁺CD28null T Cells May Increase the Risk of an Atherosclerotic Vascular Event Shortly after Kidney Transplantation

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients receiving a kidney allograft with or without an atherosclerotic vascular event in the first year after transplantation.

	Atherosclerotic event in the first year after kidney transplantation		𝑃 value
	No	Yes
Number of patients	270	20
Age (median and IQR in years)	52 (40–62)	62 (47–67)	0.02
Male gender	69.3%	75%	0.59
Non-Western European origin	27.6%	35%	0.48
CMV seropositive	103/167	3/17	0.052
Cumulative years on dialysis treatment (median and interquartile range)	1.4 (0–3)	1.7 (1–4)	0.49
History of atherosclerotic disease	24.3%	75%	<0.001
Cardiovascular	14.9%	52.6%	<0.001
Cerebrovascular	7.9%	25%	0.02
Aorta/peripheral arteries	6.7%	15.8%	0.15
Underlying kidney disease			0.61
Hypertensive nephropathy	30.2%	42.1%
Primary glomerulopathy	24.3%	21.1%
Diabetic nephropathy	10.8%	5.3%
Polycystic kidney disease	11.9%	21.1%
Other	16.0%	10.5%
Unknown	6.7%	0.0%
Prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerosis
Hypertension	87.1%	94.4%	0.36
Hyperlipidaemia	43.7%	90.9%	<0.001
Smoking	33.6%	50.0%	0.18
Diabetes mellitus	22.1%	31.6%	0.58
% CD4^+CD28null T cells (mean ± SD)	5.8±9.6%	11.7±13.5%	0.01
CD4^+CD28null T cell × 10^4/mL; (mean ± SD)	25.9±43.4	38.4±46.7	0.23