Research Article

Longitudinal Beam Dynamics for the Heavy-Ion Synchrotron Booster Ring at HIAF

Figure 5

(black) and (red) with different N = 3.0 × 1010, 4.0 × 1010, 5.0 × 1010, 6.0 × 1010, 7.0 × 1010, 8.0 × 1010, 9.0 × 1010, and 1.0 × 1011.