Depressive Symptom Level, Sleep Quality, and Internet Addiction among Medical Students in Home Quarantine during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Table 3
Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of internet addiction, sleep quality, and depressive symptom level with other parameters.
Variables
Internet addiction
Poor sleep quality
Depressive symptom level
OR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Gender
Male
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Female
0.90 (0.65-1.23)
0.76 (0.54-1.06)
0.71 (0.51-0.98)
0.63 (0.45-0.88)
0.79 (054-1.16)
0.58 (0.36-0.93)
Age
≤21
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
>21
1.10 (0.80-1.50)
1.04 (0.76-1.44)
0.97 (0.71-1.32)
0.93 (0.68-1.28)
1.06 (0.73-1.54)
0.98 (0.66-1.46)
GPA
Lower than 16
1.00
—
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
16 and more
0.54 (0.40-0.74)
—
1.32 (0.97-1.80)
0.76 (0.55-1.05)
0.53 (0.37-0.77)
0.58 (0.39-0.86)
Marital status
Not married
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Married
0.96 (0.51-1.82)
0.95 (0.50-1.80)
1.52 (081-2.85)
1.47 (0.77-2.81)
0.87 (0.41-1.83)
1.03 (0.47-2.25)
Smoking status
No
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Yes
1.30 (0.73-2.30)
0.93 (0.46-1.88)
2.19 (1.19-4.01)
2.30 (1.20-4.41)
2.98 (1.56-5.71)
1.97 (0.98-3.98)
Fasting
NO
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Not regularly
0.83 (0.59-1.17)
0.88 (0.63-1.25)
0.58 (0.41-0.81)
0.66 (0.46-0.94)
0.64 (0.43-0.96)
0.85 (0.55-1.30)
Regularly
1.01 (0.62-1.64)
1.03 (0.63-1.69)
0.49 (0.30-0.80)
0.53 (0.32-0.88)
0.53 (0.29-0.97)
0.58 (0.30-1.09)
Living circumstances
Alone
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
With family
0.91 (0.67-1.23)
0.97 (0.71-1.32)
0.83 (0.61-1.12)
0.86 (0.63-1.17)
1.38 (0.96-1.98)
1.78 (1.20-2.64)
Social media use (hour)
Less than 2
—
—
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2-4
—
—
1.14 (0.77-1.69)
1.07 (0.72-1.60)
2.40 (1.42-4.03)
2.35 (1.38-4.00)
More than 4
—
—
1.65 (1.13-2.41)
1.42 (0.96-2.10)
3.81 (2.30-6.32)
3.31 (1.97-5.57)
Education status
Not-clinical
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Clinical
0.71 (0.49-1.03)
0.70 (0.48-1.26)
1.20 (0.86-1.70)
1.24 (0.87-1.76)
1.07 (0.71-1.61)
1.18 (0.73-1.71)
value was lower than 0.05; univariate and multivariate regression analysis; GPA: grade point average (range: 0-20); OR: odds ratio; AOR: adjusted odd ratio.
