Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Persons with Mental Illness: Comparison between a U.S. Psychiatry Outpatient Sample and a U.S. General Population Sample

Table 1

Algorithms for cardiovascular conditions and risk factors in the PCARES sample.

Coronary heart disease [28]	Composite variable formed by combining the ICD-10 diagnosis codes/subcodes: stable/unstable angina [I20], STEMI or NSTEMI [I21; I22], complications from MI [I23], acute ischemic heart disease [I24], atherosclerosis of coronary arteries or previous CABG [I25], atherosclerosis of aorta [I70.0], presence of aorto-coronary bypass graft [Z95.1], coronary angioplasty implant and graft [Z95.5], and coronary angioplasty [Z98.61]
Congestive heart failure [28]	Composite variable formed by combining the ICD-10 diagnosis codes/subcodes: I50
Stroke [28]	Composite variable formed by combining the ICD-10 diagnosis codes/subcodes: hemorrhagic stroke [I60, I61, I62]; ischemic stroke [I63, I65, I66]; cerebrovascular disease [I67, I68]; stroke sequelae [I69]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus [24]	The earliest occurrence of any one of the following criteria: (i) ICD-10 codes & subcodes for T2DM [E11; E13]; (ii) Prescription of at least one antidiabetic medication; antidiabetic medications include oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy; (iii) Random plasma glucose  mg/dl or units
Hypertension [26]	The earliest occurrence of any one of the following criteria: (i) ICD-10 codes & subcodes for HTN [I10-I15]; or; (ii) Prescription for at least one antihypertensive medication; antihypertensive medications include at least any one of the following medication classes: beta-blockers, angiotensin convertase enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and miscellaneous agents
Dyslipidemia [27]	The earliest occurrence of any one of the following criteria: (i) ICD-10 codes for dyslipidemia subtypes [E78]; (ii) Prescription for at least one cholesterol-lowering medication; cholesterol-lowering medications include statins or nonstatins.; (iii) Serum  mg/dl, or serum  mg/dl, or; (iv) Serum HDL-C (mg/dl) <50 in women, or <40 in men, or  mg/dl
Current smoking [32]	Individuals who on item 22. “Smoking any cigarettes, a cigar, or pipe, or using snuff or chewing tobacco?” on the DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure—Adult

Abbreviations: MI: myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-elevation MI; NSTEMI: non-ST elevation MI; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft. CVD diagnosis date: the diagnostic date for CVD conditions whose diagnoses are based only on ICD-10 diagnostic codes was the earliest date on which that particular ICD-10 code occurred. For CVD risk factors, whose diagnosis is based on specific criteria (ICD-10 code/medication prescription/higher lab test value), the diagnostic date was the earliest date on which one of the criteria was fulfilled.