Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Persons with Mental Illness: Comparison between a U.S. Psychiatry Outpatient Sample and a U.S. General Population Sample

Table 3

Comparisons of the means and proportions (95% CL) of CVD metabolic markers, conditions, and risk factors in the PCARES sample to the age-, sex-, and race-adjusted means and proportions (95% CL) in the U.S. population sample (NHANES).

	PCARES	NHANES	-value^†
	Variable	Mean (95% CL)	Mean (95% CL)
Age (years)	42.36 (41.81, 42.92)	—	—
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.38 (30.08, 30.67)	28.36 (27.95, 28.76)	0.03
Glucose (mg/dl)	110.85 (108.93, 112.77)	111.87 (109.13, 114.62)	0.21
Hemoglobin A1C (%)	6.09 (6.00, 6.17)	5.59 (5.53, 5.64)	0.03
Serum cholesterol (mg/dl)	185.61 (183.44, 187.79)	181.79 (179.01, 184.58)	0.03
Serum triglycerides (mg/dl)	153.30 (147.28, 159.32)	136.15 (126.37, 145.94)	0.03
Serum HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	48.44 (47.64, 49.23)	41.39 (40.36, 42.42)	0.03
Serum LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	107.89 (106.05, 109.73)	112.00 (108.54, 115.46)	0.03
Variable	Proportion (95% CL)	Proportion (95% CL)	value^†
Heart disease (CHD/angina)	4.89 (4.18, 5.60)	3.65 (2.79, 4.76)	0.03
Heart failure	2.42 (1.91, 2.92)	0.81 (0.55, 1.19)	0.03
Any CVD (CHD/stroke/CHF)	8.58 (7.66, 9.50)	4.65 (3.69, 5.86)	0.03
Stroke	3.63 (3.01, 4.24)	1.05 (0.68, 1.60)	0.03
Dyslipidemia	43.17 (41.54, 44.79)	61.91 (58.61, 65.10)	0.03
Cholesterol-lowering medications^‡	49.51 (47.01, 52.01)	36.73 (32.60, 41.07)	0.03
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	18.39 (17.12, 19.66)	10.39 (8.70, 12.37)	0.03
Antidiabetic medications^‡	87.46 (84.92, 90.00)	86.66 (80.17, 91.26)	0.16
Hypertension	45.89 (44.26, 47.53)	50.47 (46.68, 54.26)	0.03
Antihypertensive Medications^‡	94.30 (93.18, 95.43)	76.96 (70.81, 82.15)	0.03
Smoking^§	21.95 (20.27, 23.63)	25.05 (22.30, 28.01)	—

PCARES results are based on the primary definition of the baseline study window (February 1, 2015 to three months after the index date). ^† value is based on a one-sample -test for means and a one-sample chi-square test for proportions. The significance level (alpha) of 0.05 was adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. For the 17 CVD outcomes above, we adjusted the significance level to 0.003 (0.05/17). Therefore, were scaled by dividing 0.0001 by 0.003, which is equal to 0.03. ^‡Prescription medication prevalence includes only those persons with the diagnoses of that particular CVD risk factor. ^§Smoking is reported, but the proportions are not directly compared as smoking was ascertained through different instruments and different questions in the two study populations.