A Network Analysis of Gender Differences in PTSD Symptoms among Chinese Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic

Table 1

Description of post-traumatic stress symptoms and covariates.

	PTSD group ()		Male subgroup ()		Female subgroup ()		value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
B1: intrusive thoughts	3.67	0.91	3.66	0.91	3.69	0.91	0.644
B2: nightmares	3.08	1.02	3.10	1.00	3.05	1.04	0.595
B3: flashbacks	3.40	0.93	3.40	0.95	3.39	0.91	0.918
B4: emotional cue reactivity	3.53	0.89	3.51	0.89	3.56	0.89	0.537
B5: physiological cue reactivity	3.25	0.91	3.25	0.91	3.25	0.91	0.985
C1: avoidance of thoughts	3.35	0.84	3.34	0.84	3.36	0.82	0.747
C2: avoidance of reminders	3.41	0.78	3.42	0.80	3.39	0.75	0.618
D1: trauma-related amnesia	3.29	0.89	3.28	0.92	3.29	0.84	0.940
D2: negative belief	3.28	0.89	3.30	0.89	3.26	0.90	0.628
D3: blame of self or others	3.25	0.88	3.24	0.87	3.26	0.90	0.753
D4: negative trauma-related emotions	3.26	0.91	3.25	0.93	3.29	0.87	0.653
D5: loss of interest	3.30	0.86	3.34	0.83	3.25	0.89	0.232
D6: detachment	3.42	0.84	3.44	0.85	3.38	0.84	0.442
D7: restricted affect	3.38	0.83	3.36	0.84	3.41	0.81	0.511
E1: irritability	3.30	0.87	3.28	0.90	3.33	0.82	0.513
E2: self-destructive/reckless behavior	3.14	0.96	3.18	0.98	3.09	0.92	0.316
E3: hypervigilance	3.44	0.84	3.43	0.84	3.45	0.84	0.818
E4: exaggerated startle response	3.30	0.85	3.28	0.88	3.33	0.81	0.494
E5: difficulty concentrating	3.34	0.83	3.35	0.85	3.32	0.80	0.614
E6: sleep disturbance	3.35	0.90	3.37	0.89	3.32	0.90	0.533
Depressive symptoms	29.03	10.88	29.78	10.75	27.91	11.01	0.045
PSQI	7.08	3.87	7.16	3.92	6.96	3.81	0.550
Exposure to COVID-19	0.81	1.60	0.69	1.41	0.98	1.83	0.051

Note: values were calculated by differences between male and female groups.