Research Article
A Network Analysis of Gender Differences in PTSD Symptoms among Chinese Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic
Table 1
Description of post-traumatic stress symptoms and covariates.
| | PTSD group () | Male subgroup () | Female subgroup () | value | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| B1: intrusive thoughts | 3.67 | 0.91 | 3.66 | 0.91 | 3.69 | 0.91 | 0.644 | B2: nightmares | 3.08 | 1.02 | 3.10 | 1.00 | 3.05 | 1.04 | 0.595 | B3: flashbacks | 3.40 | 0.93 | 3.40 | 0.95 | 3.39 | 0.91 | 0.918 | B4: emotional cue reactivity | 3.53 | 0.89 | 3.51 | 0.89 | 3.56 | 0.89 | 0.537 | B5: physiological cue reactivity | 3.25 | 0.91 | 3.25 | 0.91 | 3.25 | 0.91 | 0.985 | C1: avoidance of thoughts | 3.35 | 0.84 | 3.34 | 0.84 | 3.36 | 0.82 | 0.747 | C2: avoidance of reminders | 3.41 | 0.78 | 3.42 | 0.80 | 3.39 | 0.75 | 0.618 | D1: trauma-related amnesia | 3.29 | 0.89 | 3.28 | 0.92 | 3.29 | 0.84 | 0.940 | D2: negative belief | 3.28 | 0.89 | 3.30 | 0.89 | 3.26 | 0.90 | 0.628 | D3: blame of self or others | 3.25 | 0.88 | 3.24 | 0.87 | 3.26 | 0.90 | 0.753 | D4: negative trauma-related emotions | 3.26 | 0.91 | 3.25 | 0.93 | 3.29 | 0.87 | 0.653 | D5: loss of interest | 3.30 | 0.86 | 3.34 | 0.83 | 3.25 | 0.89 | 0.232 | D6: detachment | 3.42 | 0.84 | 3.44 | 0.85 | 3.38 | 0.84 | 0.442 | D7: restricted affect | 3.38 | 0.83 | 3.36 | 0.84 | 3.41 | 0.81 | 0.511 | E1: irritability | 3.30 | 0.87 | 3.28 | 0.90 | 3.33 | 0.82 | 0.513 | E2: self-destructive/reckless behavior | 3.14 | 0.96 | 3.18 | 0.98 | 3.09 | 0.92 | 0.316 | E3: hypervigilance | 3.44 | 0.84 | 3.43 | 0.84 | 3.45 | 0.84 | 0.818 | E4: exaggerated startle response | 3.30 | 0.85 | 3.28 | 0.88 | 3.33 | 0.81 | 0.494 | E5: difficulty concentrating | 3.34 | 0.83 | 3.35 | 0.85 | 3.32 | 0.80 | 0.614 | E6: sleep disturbance | 3.35 | 0.90 | 3.37 | 0.89 | 3.32 | 0.90 | 0.533 | Depressive symptoms | 29.03 | 10.88 | 29.78 | 10.75 | 27.91 | 11.01 | 0.045 | PSQI | 7.08 | 3.87 | 7.16 | 3.92 | 6.96 | 3.81 | 0.550 | Exposure to COVID-19 | 0.81 | 1.60 | 0.69 | 1.41 | 0.98 | 1.83 | 0.051 |
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Note: values were calculated by differences between male and female groups. |