Natural Orifice Transesophageal Endoscopic Surgery: State of the Art

Table 1

Transesophageal NOTES procedures in animal studies.

Mediastinoscopy	Cardiomyotomy
Thoracoscopy	Esophagomyotomy
Lymphadenectomy	Vagotomy
Pleural biopsy	Sympathectomy
Myocardial and left atrium injection	Esophagectomy and end-to-end anastomosis*
Pericardial fenestration	Pulmonary lobectomy*
Epicardial ablation	Left atrial appendage ligation*

*With single transthoracic trocar assistance.