A Secure Localization Approach Using Mutual Authentication and Insider Node Validation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Algorithm 1

Distance estimation by anchor nodes.

Input. anchor node set , unknown node set

Step 1. BS creates identities for all anchor nodes and identities for all unknown nodes

Step 2. BS provides certificates: ,

Step 3. do

      sends random nonce , ; for and

      waits for a threshold time to retransmit the message

Step 4. under for

              sends :

Step 5. Calculate

Step 6.

Step 7. sends to the Base Station (BS)

Step 8. end loop

Step 9. Apply MMSE