User Acceptance of Internet of Vehicles Services: Empirical Findings of Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Fuzzy Sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA)

Table 2

Measurement scale and items.

Constructs	No.	Items	References
Perceived expectancy	PE1	Using IoV services will improve driving and travel performance	[41]
	PE2	Using IoV services will increase driving and travel effectiveness
	PE3	Using IoV services will enhance my effectiveness while driving
	PE4	I find IoV services are useful
Effort expectancy	EE1	Learning how to use IoV services is easy for me
	EE2	I would find it easy to get IoV services to do what I want to do
	EE3	Interacting with IoV services would not require a lot of my mental effort
Social influence	SI1	People who are important to me think that I should use IoV services
	SI2	People who influence my behavior think that I should use IoV services
	SI3	People whose opinions that I value prefer that I use IoV services
Facilitating conditions	FC1	I have the resources necessary to use IoV services
	FC2	I have the knowledge necessary to use IoV services
	FC3	IoV services are compatible with other technologies I use
	FC3	I can get help from others when I have difficulties using IoV services
Hedonic motivation	HM1	Using IoV services is fun
	HM2	Using IoV services is enjoyable
	HM3	Using IoV services is very entertaining
Price value	PV1	IoV service is reasonably priced
	PV2	IoV service is a good value for the money
	PV3	At the current price, the IoV service provides a good value
Habit	HA1	The use of IoV services has become a habit for me	[41, 57]
	HA2	I am addicted to using IoV services
	HA3	I must use IoV services
Perceived risk	PR1	I’m worried about the general safety of IoV services	[8]
	PR2	I’m worried about the failure or malfunctions of IoV services which may cause accidents
	PR3	I am concerned IoV services will collect too much personal information from me
	PR4	I am concerned IoV services will use my personal information for other purposes without my authorization
	PR5	I am concerned IoV services will share my personal information with other entities without my authorization
Initial trust	TR1	IoV service is dependable	[11]
	TR2	IoV service is reliable
	TR3	Overall, I can trust IoV services
Behavioral intention to accept IoV services	BI1	Given the chance, I intend to use IoV services	[83]
	BI2	Given the chance, I predict that I should use IoV services in the future
	BI3	I likely have the intention to use IoV services to conduct driving