Research Article
A Multi-Floor Indoor Pedestrian Localization Method Using Landmarks Detection for Different Holding Styles
Table 9
Comparison of the proposed method and existing studies.
| | Ref. no. (year) | Technique (fusion method) | Real-time | Holding styles | Test scenarios | Positioning accuracy | 3D capability |
| | Proposed method | PDR + LM (triggering) | Yes | 4 | 3 | <3.1 m | Yes | | [14] (2016) | PDR + LM (triggering) | No | 1 | 1 | 2.17 m | No | | [30] (2016) | PDR + MM (triggering) | No | 1 | 1 | 2.5 m | Yes | | [12] (2018) | PDR + WiFi (triggering) | Yes | n/a | 2 | 1.5 m | No | | [11] (2016) | PDR + WiFi + LM (EKF) | No | 1 | 2 | 1.22 m | No | | [9] (2019) | PDR + MM (PF) | Yes | 1 | 3 | 4.45 m | Yes | | [13] (2019) | PDR + WiFi (UKF) | No | 4 | 1 | 1.46 m | No | | [31] (2020) | PDR + MM (PF) | Yes | 5 | 2 | 2.2 m | No |
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EKF: extended Kalman filter; LM: landmark; MM: map matching; PF: particle filter; UKF: unscented Kalman filter.
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