Future Trends for Healthcare Monitoring System in Smart Cities Using LoRaWAN-Based WBAN

Table 1

Comparison between different specifications of network technology [2–4].

Network technologies	Topology	Radiofrequency	Range	Data rate	Energy consumption
BLE	Ad hoc	2.4 GHz	10 m	1-2 Mb/s	Very low
Zigbee	Mesh	868.3 MHz, 902-928 MHz, 2.4 GHz	100 m	0.02-0.25 Mb/s	Low
WIFI	Star	2.4 GHz	Less than 1 km	11 Mb/s-10 Gb/s	High
SigFox	Star	Between 862 and 928 MHz	10 km	100-600 b/s	Medium
LoRaWAN	Star or peer to peer	Between 860 and1020 MHz	Less than 30 km	Up to 50 Kb/s	Very low