Surface Movement and Deformation Law Caused by Different Coal Pillar Stagger Distances in Strip Filling IoT-Enabled Sustainable Mining

<div>Surface cooperative deformation mechanism under different coal pillar stagger distances. (a) Normal alignment of coal pillars (<i>s</i> = 0). (b) Completely staggered coal pillars (<i>s</i> = 1).</div>

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Figure 4: Surface Movement and Deformation Law Caused by Different Coal Pillar Stagger Distances in Strip Filling IoT-Enabled Sustainable Mining 