Virtual Reality Simulation of High Tibial Osteotomy for Medical Training

Figure 6

An image of using (a) drill, (b) saw, and (c) mallet taken from a fixed camera viewpoint in the simulation. The user operates the virtual (d) drill, (e) saw, and (f) mallet by handling the morphable haptic controller. Whenever the tool employed by user changes within the simulation, the controller can bend, straighten, or stretch the shape to provide a sense of the changed tool, as seen in the red circle in (d–f). Also, the center of mass module moves inside the controller to represent a sense of weight for the tool.

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(b)

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(d)

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(f)