A Review on Frequency Stability Enhancement and Effective Energy Storage through Various Optimization Techniques

Table 1

Comparison of energy storage technologies.

Characteristics/Specifications	Storage technologies for high power station
	Li	Fly-wheel	SC	SMES
Mass of energy (Wh/kg)	71–200	10–51	05–6.0	1–11
Density of energy (kWh/m^3)	200–605	21–100	5.0–10.0	0.4–2.5
Density of power (W/kg)	151–500	510–4000	1000–10000	500–2000
Density of power (MW/m^3)	0.4–2.0	1.0–2.5	0.4–10.0	1.0–4.0
Efficiency%	90–97	90–95	90–97	95–98
Discharging time	2 to 8 hr (approx)	10second- 15 minute	1Milli sec -1.5 hr	Upto 35 min
Working temperature (⁰C)	−30–70	−45–45	−45–70	–55–65
Rate of emission (%/day)	0.1–0.3	25–95	25–45	14–18
Life time (years)	7–14	14–21	11–35	25–35
Life period (revolution)	1200 to 12000	30000 to 22000+	11000 to 51000+	110000+