A Review on Frequency Stability Enhancement and Effective Energy Storage through Various Optimization Techniques

Table 2

Comparison of energy storage techniques with respect to merits and demerits.

Energy storage	Merits	Demerits
Superconducting magnetic energy storage	(i) Its ability to absorbing as well as delivering a significant quantity of power.; (ii) It has an excellent performance (more than 90%).; (iii) It has a very rapid response (less than 100 ms).; (iv) Maintenance of SMES is very less.; (v) Its structure is fully stable and reliable.; (vi) Any capacity can also be maintained by SMES	(i) To sustain the coils at a low temperature, a lot of electricity is required.; (ii) There is an issue of mechanical characteristics.; (iii) The initial installation takes a lot of money.
Supercapacitor	(i) Amongst different energy storage systems, it has the maximum impulsive power.; (ii) It stores energy that can be controlled.; (iii) Exploitation is simple.; (iv) Its ability to have high charging capacity.; (v) This device has a longer span of time	(i) It has a decreased density of energy among various energy storage devices.; (ii) The clamps of a supercapacitor have a changing voltage value.
Battery	(i) It has minimal, easy-to-manufacture, and has less cost per KWh.; (ii) Self-discharge rate of batteries is less.; (iii) Specific power of battery is high and also it has the ability to carry the discharge current.; (iv) It has an excellent performance at both cold and hot temperatures	(i) The process of charging is slow and tries to fully charge in approximately 14–16 hours.; (ii) In battery to avoid sulfation, it must be kept in a charged state.; (iii) charge and discharge rates of battery are less, it affects the battery life.; (iv) It is not eco-friendly.