A Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Seismic Inversion Problem

Table 1

Description of benchmark functions.

Function	Dim	Range	fmin
Unimodal functions
	30	[−100, 100]	0
	30	[−10, 10]	0
	30	[−100, 100]	0
	30	[−100, 100]	0
	30	[−30, 30]	0
	30	[−100, 100]	0
	30	[−1.28, 1.28]	0
Multimodal functions
	30	[−5.12.5.12]	0
	30	[−32, 32]	0
	30	[−600, 600]	0
	30	[−50, 50]	0
	30	[−50, 50]	0
Fixed-dimension multimodal functions
	2	[−65, 65]	0
	4	[−5, 5]	0.00030
	2	[−5, 5]	−1.0316
	2	[−5, 5]	0.398
	2	[−2, 2]	3
	3	[1, 3]	−3.86
	6	[0, 3]	−3.12