Internet Development, Collaborative Innovation, and Carbon Emissions

Table 1

Summary statistics of the main variables.

Variable	Index selection	Signature	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Explained variables	Carbon emissions	lncg	5.6543	0.7675	3.7966	7.4250
Core explanatory variables	Internet development	intel	2.69e-09	1.4576	-4.0848	4.2783
Mediating variables	Collaborative innovation	eci	0.7266	0.2223	0.2390	1.0000
Control variables	Economic development	lngdp	10.3939	0.4049	9.4288	11.5379
	External opening level	open	0.2844	0.3040	0.0175	1.4637
	Urbanization	city	0.5708	0.1243	0.3436	0.9378
	Energy consumption	lne_c	1.2234	0.4163	0.4373	2.3025