Comparison of Amino Acid PET to Advanced and Emerging MRI Techniques for Neurooncology Imaging: A Systematic Review of the Recent Studies

Table 1

Summary of aaPET with DWI studies.

Study	Year	Study location	No. of patients	aaPET	DWI	Tumor type	Main results
Castello et al. [48]	2020	Rozzano, Italy	124	MET	ADC	Operated gliomas	MET PET is more sensitive for differentiating tumor grade. Both reach comparable accuracy.
Popp et al. [47]	2019	Freiburg, Germany	41	FET	ADC	Recurrent GBM	FET PET tumor volume is larger than T1w-MRI, which is larger than DWI. DWI volume only partially overlaps with FET PET and T1w-MRI, and correlated poorly with recurrence.
Lundemann et al. [49]	2019	Copenhagen, Denmark	16	FET	EPI	Pretreatment GBM	Combined parameters could map the probability of recurrence and FET PET more predictive.
Werner et al. [50]	2019	Cologne, Germany	48	FET	ADC	Pretreated high-grade glioma	FET PET is superior for differentiating tumor progression. Combination yielded highest accuracy.
Lohmeier et al. [51]	2019	Berlin, Germany	42	FET	ADC	Glioma	Both reliably differentiate recurrence from posttreatment changes, but combined provides best diagnostic accuracy.
Verburg et al. [52]	2020	Amsterdam, Netherlands	20	FET	ADC	Newly diagnosed glioma	Combination of FET PET with DWI ADC detects infiltration best in enhancing glioma, and DWI ADC with T1w-MRI is best in nonenhancing.
Piccardo et al. [54]	2019	Genoa, Italy	22	FDOPA	ADC	Pediatric DMG	Both could differentiate tumor grade, but only FDOPA PET could differentiate H3K27M-mutant status independently of histology.
Tatekawa et al. [53]	2020	Los Angeles, USA	63	FDOPA	ADC	Treatment-naïve glioma	Negatively correlated in IDH-wt and IDH-mutant-1p/19q-non-codeleted. Positively correlated in IDH-mutant-codeleted.
John et al. [17]	2019	Detroit, USA	30	AMT	ADC	Newly diagnosed GBM	Moderate correlation between AMT uptake and ADC values in nonenhancing tumor regions. Only AMT PET was associated with overall survival and recurrence.