An Immune Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Routing Optimization in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 2

Simulation parameters.

Simulation parameter	Value
Network area A	10000 m × 10000 m
Number of sensor node 𝑛node	50–500
Number of macronode 𝑛macro	10
Available energy on sensors 𝐸node	120 J
Sensing radius of sensor node 𝑅node−𝑠	300 m
Communication radius of sensor node 𝑅node−𝑐	600 m
Communication radius of macronode 𝑅macro−𝑐	3500 m
Bandwidth of sensor node 𝐵node	250 kb/s
Number of disjoint multipath k	3
Number of simulation rounds	500
Number of packet in each round	1
Size of packet in each round m	400 bits
Probability of node failure 𝑝node	0.02
Energy consumption of sending circuit 𝑎11	40 nJ/bit
Energy consumption of receiving circuit 𝑎12	80 nJ/bit
Energy consumption of sending amplifier 𝑎2	200 pJ/bit/m^2
Channel attenuation index n	2
Energy consumption of data fusion eneDF	4 nJ/bit
Energy consumption of updating routing table eneRT	2 nJ/bit