Complex System Optimization Using Biogeography-Based Optimization

Table 1

Rank calculation example with the modified NDRS. A lower objective means better performance, and lower ranks are better than higher ranks.

	Objective 1	Objective 2	Objective 3	Constraint violation	Rank
Island 1	1	2	3	0	0
Island 2	2	4	2	1	4
Island 3	3	1	4	1	5
Island 4	1	1	1	2	9