Complex System Optimization Using Biogeography-Based Optimization

Table 2

NDRS cost rank and feasibility for the speed reducer problem after 100,000 function calls. For each metric, a smaller number means better performance.

Algorithm	NDRS cost rank	Feasibility
BBO/Complex/Single	4	0.27
MDF	5	0.60
CO	6	0.86
BBO/Complex/Multi	7	1.57
IDF	8	3.00