Research Article

Complex System Optimization Using Biogeography-Based Optimization

Table 4

NDRS cost rank and feasibility for the heart dipole problem after 100,000 function calls. For each metric, a smaller number means better performance.

AlgorithmNDRS cost rankFeasibility

BBO/Complex/Multi20
BBO/Complex/Single60
MDF60.03
IDF41.00
CO22.00