Quantum Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization with Neighborhood Search for Numerical Optimization

Algorithm 2

The proposed NQPSO algorithm.

Begin

 Use opposition-based learning to generate initial population;

 while FEs <= MAX_FEs do

  for each particle i do

   Update the position according to (3);

   Calculate the fitness value of the new particle;

   FEs++;

   if rand(0,1) <𝑞  then

    Generate a new particle according to (5);

    Generate a new particle according to (6);

    Calculate the fitness values of the two new particles;

    Fes = Fes + 2;

    Select the fittest one among particle i and two new particles as the new particle i;

   end if

   Update the pbest,   gbest and p in the population;

  end for

 end while

End