A Rule-Based Model for Bankruptcy Prediction Based on an Improved Genetic Ant Colony Algorithm

Table 1

Summaries of fitness scaling techniques.

Scaling types	Formula	Parameter explanation
Linear scaling	𝑓linear=𝑎+𝑏×𝑓raw	a and b are constants defined by the users
Rank scaling	𝑓rank=𝑟	r denotes the rank of the individual/ant
Power scaling	𝑓power=𝑓^𝑝raw	p is a problem-dependent exponent that might change during a run to stretch or shrink the range as needed
Top scaling	𝑓top=𝑠𝑓raw≥𝑐0𝑓raw<𝑐	s is the user-defined constant; c is the threshold