Complex Dynamical Behavior of a Predator-Prey System with Group Defense

Figure 3

(a) The prey density. (b) The predator density. Both are the functions of 𝑚 at steady state. The other parameter values are 𝑟=0.6, 𝑠=0.49, 𝑎=0.28, 𝑏=0.3, 𝑐=0.57, 𝑑=0.7, 𝑒=0.2, 𝑑₁=0.08, and 𝑑₂=0.12.

(a)

(b)