An Improved VFF Approach for Robot Path Planning in Unknown and Dynamic Environments

Table 4

The performance comparison among the three methods where robot, target and obstacle are in a line.

The navigation approach	Required time to the target	Average rotation angle of each step
The T-VFF based method	/	/
The V-VFF based method	14.5 s	7.6^∘
The P-VFF based method	12.5 s	6.9^∘