Investigating the In-Vehicle Crowding Cost Functions for Public Transit Modes

Table 1

The perception of in-vehicle crowding in different transit modes.

	Modes	Passengers’ crowding feeling
Intercity; (longer journeys)	Intercity rail	No space for seating
	Interurban bus	No space for seating
Commuter; (shorter journeys)	Bus	Standees having less than 0.35 m^2 of space
	Light rail	Standees having less than 0.25 m^2 of space
	Heavy rail	Standees having less than 0.17 m^2 of space

Source: edited by author according to different vehicle design guidelines.