Investigating the In-Vehicle Crowding Cost Functions for Public Transit Modes

Table 2

Vehicle capacity and crowding measurements for transit modes.

Urban transport mode	Vehicle type	Seat capacity	Crush capacity^a	Crowding perception	Crowding measurement
Intercity train	All types	65–95	100–170	Impossibility in finding seats	Load Factor
Interurban bus	All types	38–50	55–65	Impossibility in finding seats	Load Factor
Tram	All types	40–60	90–150	Standing in crush-loaded condition	Standing density
Bus	Single-decker	35–50	55–85	Impossibility in finding seats	Load Factor
	Double-decker	60–75	90–100	Impossibility in finding seats	Load Factor
	Articulated	60–80	100–160	Standing in crush-loaded condition	Load Factor
Light rail	All types	60–80	160–180	Standing in crush-loaded condition	Standing density
Subway	All types	60–80	200–300	Standing in crush-loaded condition	Standing density

aThe crush capacity is the maximum number of people that it is physically possible to squeeze onto a transit vehicle.