Investigating the In-Vehicle Crowding Cost Functions for Public Transit Modes

Table 5

Summaries of notations and parameters.

	Parameter	Description	Bus	Light rail	Heavy rail
Operating cost parameters	𝑐0	Fixed cost ($/hour)	0	14,866	24,910
	𝑐1	Unit cost per vehicle-hour ($/veh/h)	54	164	354
	𝑐2	Unit cost per vehicle-kilometer ($/veh/km)	1.13	1.83	3.32
Mode operating parameters	𝑉	Commercial speed (km/hour)	20	35	40
	𝑡𝑐	Route travel trip time (hour)	2	1.14	1
	𝑘	Seating capacity (seats/vehicle)	48	64	12
	𝐾	Crush capacity (seats + standing/veh)	65	166 (5/m^2)	750 (6/m^2)
	𝑓max	Maximum frequency allowed (veh/h)	200	80	40
Common parameters	𝑃𝑣	Value of riding time ($/hour)	9.45
	𝑃𝑤	Value of waiting time ($/hour)	18.9
	𝜇	Ratio of value of waiting time at home to at station	0. 33
	𝑡𝑤	Safety threshold time (min.)	4
	𝐿	Route length (km)	20
	𝑙	Average trip length (km)	10
	𝜂	Reserve rate for fleet	1.05
	𝜔	Fraction of passengers across the loaded sections	30%
	𝛼	Scale parameter	5
	𝛾	Scale parameter	20