Unavailability Analysis for k-out-of-n:G Systems with Multiple Failure Modes Based on Micro-Markov Models

Table 5

Comparison of PFD_avg results by 𝑀₀, 𝑀₁, and 𝑀₂.

𝜆𝐷=1𝐸−05/h, 𝑇1=8760 h, MRT = 24 h, MTTR = 24 h, 𝛽=0, 𝛽𝐷=0
System type	DC𝐷 (%)	𝑀^′0	𝑀1	𝑀2	RE1 (%)	RE2 (%)
1oo3	25	6.63𝐸−05	6.61𝐸−05	7.33𝐸−05	2.91𝐸−01	−1.05𝐸+01
	50	2.03𝐸−05	2.04𝐸−05	2.21𝐸−05	−5.14𝐸−01	−8.60𝐸+00
	75	2.66𝐸−06	2.71𝐸−06	2.89𝐸−06	−1.63𝐸+00	−8.64𝐸+00
2oo3	25	4.01𝐸−03	3.98𝐸−03	4.40𝐸−03	6.91𝐸−01	−9.60𝐸+00
	50	1.84𝐸−03	1.84𝐸−03	1.97𝐸−03	1.86𝐸−01	−7.07𝐸+00
	75	4.81𝐸−04	4.84𝐸−04	5.06𝐸−04	−6.32𝐸−01	−5.32𝐸+00
3oo3	25	9.28𝐸−02	9.03𝐸−02	9.93𝐸−02	2.67𝐸+00	−6.99𝐸+00
	50	6.34𝐸−02	6.23𝐸−02	6.64𝐸−02	1.79𝐸+00	−4.74𝐸+00
	75	3.27𝐸−02	3.25𝐸−02	3.36𝐸−02	8.23𝐸−01	−2.51𝐸+00