BIM Application to Select Appropriate Design Alternative with Consideration of LCA and LCCA

Table 1

Data required for conducting LCA and LCCA.

Life cycle phase	Target activities for conducting LCA and LCCA	Required information for LCA			Required information for LCC
			EF	Additions		UC	Additions
Construction	Manufacturing factory	●	●	—	●	●	(i) Unit cost, including labor and equipment costs. It can be found using RS Means data
	Transporting	●	●	(i) Fuel type; (ii) Fuel consumptions
	Assembling site	●	●
Operation	Maintenance and repair	●	●	(i) Operation period; (ii) Repair cycle; (iii) Repair rate	●	●	(i) Operation period; (ii) Repair cycle; (iii) Repair rate
	Replacement	●	●	(i) Replacement cycle	●	●	(i) Replacement cycle
	Operating		●	(i) Energy consumption		●	(i) Energy consumption
Disposal	Disposal	●	●	(i) Fuel type; (ii) Fuel consumptions	●	●	(i) Unit cost for disposal

= quantity of materials, EF = emission factor, and UC = unit cost.