Online Energy Management of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Prolongation of All-Electric Range Based on Dynamic Programming

Figure 9

The adopted driving cycles in simulation study. (a), (b) Speed profile and power request, respectively, in cycle 1. (c), (d) Speed profile and power request, respectively, in cycle 2. (e), (f) Speed profile and power request, respectively, in cycle 3.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)