Integrating the Symmetry Image and Improved Sparse Representation for Railway Fastener Classification and Defect Recognition

<div>Fasteners with various existences form on the real railway line. (a) The fastener in left image is intact fastener. (b) The fastener in middle image is partially worn. (c) The fastener in right image is completely missing.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Integrating the Symmetry Image and Improved Sparse Representation for Railway Fastener Classification and Defect Recognition 