Integrating the Symmetry Image and Improved Sparse Representation for Railway Fastener Classification and Defect Recognition

Table 5

The recall rate (%) of different methods on fastener database.

Methods	The recall rate
	Intact fastener	Partially worn fastener	Missing fastener
Xia’s method on original image [6]	94.3	86.3	94.8
Xia’s method on symmetrical image [6]	94.0	94.5	95.3
Yang’s method on original image [7]	93.5	84.5	96.3
Yang’s method on symmetrical image [7]	93.8	85.3	95.8
Feng’s method on original image [26]	95.5	87.8	95.5
Feng’s method on symmetrical image [26]	95.8	94.3	96.0
Zhang’s method on original image [31]	95.3	96.3	95.3
Zhang’s method on symmetrical image [31]	95.3	96.8	95.5
The proposed method in this paper	97.5	98.5	98.3