Improved Genetic Algorithm with Two-Level Approximation for Truss Optimization by Using Discrete Shape Variables

Table 2

Comparison of optimized design of ten-bar planar truss.

Variable	Initial design	Present paper	Reference [6]
	360	180	186.5
	360	330	554.5
	360	687	786.9
	10	21.6	9.9
	10	1.0	9.4
	10	12.6	11.5
	10	12.6	1.5
	10	4.4	0
	10	17.1	12.0
	10	0	11.5
	10	2.6	3.6
	10	0	0
	10	1.0	10.4
Struc. analyses		20	—
Weight (lb)		3173.0	3254.0
Critical constraint		2.1 × 10^−4	—