Nonlocal Peridynamic Modeling and Simulation on Crack Propagation in Concrete Structures

Figure 8

Damage maps (crack paths) in the beam with increasing external load (deformation has been enlarged for 1000 times for more clear display of the crack tip). (a) No damage appearance; (b)-(c) damage accumulation without crack propagation; (d)–(f) crack propagation.

(a)  kN

(b)  kN

(c)  kN

(d) 20 ms after  kN loading

(e) 25 ms after  kN loading

(f) 30 ms after  kN loading