An Image Watermarking Scheme Using Arnold Transform and Fuzzy Smooth Support Vector Machine

Table 2

Experimental results of watermark imperceptibility and robustness after changing watermark.

Attacks	AT + FSSVM		IAT + LSSVM		IAT + FSSVM
	PSNR	BER	PSNR	BER	PSNR	BER
Image brightening (+75)	15.6836	0.1706	21.5951	0.0024	21.5951	0.0041
Image darkening (−50)	13.8697	0.1739	12.9168	0.0016	12.9168	0.0033
Image histogram equalization	15.9308	0.1249	15.9258	0.0016	15.9258	0.0065
Gaussian noise ( = 0 and = 0.02)	24.0350	0.4710	23.9928	0.0155	23.9928	0.0122
Median filter (9 9)	31.4799	0.4531	31.4850	0.0155	31.4850	0.0123
JPEG compression (10%)	22.7381	0.4702	22.7412	0.0073	22.7412	0.0059
Geometric cutting (left 100 300)	31.5740	0.3045	11.6074	0.0049	11.6074	0.0080
Geometric rotation	22.4917	0.3086	18.8479	0.0106	18.8479	0.0110