An Improved Artificial Colony Algorithm Model for Forecasting Chinese Electricity Consumption and Analyzing Effect Mechanism

Table 1

Summary of literature review on relationship between factors and electricity consumption.

Number	Authors	Country	Time period	Methodology	Variables	Relationships
1	Karanfil and Li [17]	160 countries	1980–2010	Cointegration techniques	Electricity consumption, economic growth	There exists a causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth.
2	Ciarreta and Zarraga [18]	European countries	1970–2007	A panel data approach	Electricity consumption, economic growth	There exists a negative and strong causality from electricity consumption to GDP.
3	Bianco et al. [19]	Italy	1970–2007	Linear regression models	Electricity consumption, GDP, GDP per capita, and population	Annual electricity consumption was strongly related to the selected variables.
4	Tang et al. [20]	Portugal	1974–2009	Multivariate models	Electricity consumption, economic growth	There exists a long run Portugal Granger causality between electricity consumption and economic growth.
5	Polemis and Dagoumas [21]	Greece	1970–2011	Cointegration techniques	Electricity consumption, economic growth	There exists a bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth.
6	Zaman et al. [22]	Pakistan	1975–2010	The bounds-testing procedure	Electricity consumption, population	There exists a positive relationship between population growth and electricity consumption.
7	Kavaklioglu [23]	Turkey	1975–2006	The ε-SVR models	Electricity consumption, population	There exists a strong causality between population and electricity consumption.
8	Liddle and Lung [24]	105 countries	1971–2009	Heterogeneous panel methods	Electricity consumption, urbanization	There exists a causal relationship between electricity consumption and urbanization.
9	Solarin and Shahbaz [25]	Angola	1971–2009	The VECM; Granger causality test	Electricity consumption, urbanization, and economic growth	There exists a bidirectional causality between electricity consumption, economic growth, and urbanization.
10	Zachariadis and Pashourtidou [26]	Cyprus	1960–2004	Time series analysis techniques	Electricity consumption, the residential and the services sectors	There exist long-term elasticities of electricity consumption above the residential and the services sectors.
11	Pao [11]	Taiwan	1990–2002	Statistical models	Electricity consumption, national income, population, GDP, and CPI	POP and NI influence electricity consumption the most, but GDP the least.
12	Zhang et al. [27]	China	1985–2010	Principal component analysis	Electricity consumption, industrial factors	There exists a positive correlation between electricity consumption and industrial factors.
13	Meng and Niu [28]	China	1990–2007	Partial least square modeling	Electricity consumption, gross domestic product of industry	The primary and the secondary industry take more electricity consumption increasing than the tertiary one.
14	Shahbaz et al. [29]	United Arab Emirates	1975–2011	The VECM; Granger causality	Electricity consumption, CO2 emissions	There exists a negative correlation between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions.
15	Cowan et al. [30]	The BRICS countries	1990–2010	Panel causality analysis	Electricity consumption, CO2 emissions	The differing results have been achieved for the BRICS countries.