Improved Backtracking Search Algorithm Based on Population Control Factor and Optimal Learning Strategy

Table 1

Test function.

Function	Function expression	Dim	Search space
Sphere		30
Sumsquare		60
Sumpower		60
Schwefel2.22		100
Exponential		60
Alpine		60
Rastrigin		100
Griewank		60
Rosenbrock		30
Ackley		60
R-H-Ellipsoid		80
Schwefel1.2		10
Elliptic		30
NCRastrigin		50
T-H camel		2
Schaffer		10
Powell		70
Weierstrass		60