Research on Optimized Torque-Distribution Control Method for Front/Rear Axle Electric Wheel Loader

Table 1

Outline of several prototypes.

Manufacturer	Powertrain configuration	Energy storage devices	Energy saving	Ref
Hitachi	Series	Battery	25%–30%	[20–23]
John Deere	Series	Battery	25%	[24]
Joy Global	—	Flywheel	45%	[25]
Volvo	—	Battery	—	[8]
XCMG	Parallel	Hydraulic accumulator	54%	[26]
Liu Gong	Series-parallel	Supercapacitor	—	[27]