Prediction of Seawall Settlement Based on a Combined LS-ARIMA Model

Table 1

Comparison of the LS-ARIMA, ARIMA, and GM (1, 1) model results based on validation data.

Point number	Measured value (mm)	LS-ARIMA model (mm)	Relative error (%)	ARIMA (mm)	Relative error (%)	GM (1, 1) (mm)	Error (%)
51	54.42	54.51	0.17	54.12	0.55	65.95	21.19
52	54.44	54.49	0.09	54.63	0.35	67.65	24.27
53	54.55	54.68	0.24	54.78	0.42	69.40	27.22
54	54.81	54.95	0.26	55.25	0.80	71.19	29.88
55	55.20	55.28	0.14	55.91	1.28	73.02	32.29
56	55.61	55.72	0.20	55.81	0.36	74.91	34.70
57	56.06	56.13	0.13	56.33	0.48	76.84	37.07
58	56.50	56.74	0.42	56.83	0.58	78.82	39.51
59	56.75	56.87	0.22	57.34	1.04	80.86	42.48
60	56.92	57.19	0.47	57.58	1.16	82.94	45.72

Note: the relative error is calculated by , wherein is the measured value, and is the predicted value.