Customer-Oriented Vehicle Routing Problem with Environment Consideration: Two-Phase Optimization Approach and Heuristic Solution

Table 4

Heuristic algorithm performance comparison.

Algorithm	Parameters	Features
Tabu search algorithm (TS)	Tabu size; Neighborhood structure; Number of solutions	Local optimum; Higher solving efficiency
Ant colony algorithm (ACO)	Initial pheromone; Information increase; Information accumulation; Disappearance factor; Inspiration factor	Good parallelism; Global optimization features; Time-consuming
Simulated annealing algorithm (SA)	Initial temperature; Temperature return function; Mode of state generation; Sampling principle	Simple implementation; Flexible application; The algorithm converges slowly
Genetic algorithm (GA)	Population number; Selection operator; Crossover operator; Mutation operator	Strong global optimization ability; Parallelism and strong robustness