Research on the Grey Verhulst Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Markov Chain to Predict the Settlement of High Fill Subgrade in Xiangli Expressway

<p>The observative and predictive settlement values of high fill subgrade in Xiangli Expressway using the competing models.</p>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 4: Research on the Grey Verhulst Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Markov Chain to Predict the Settlement of High Fill Subgrade in Xiangli Expressway 

Figure 4 | Research on the Grey Verhulst Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Markov Chain to Predict the Settlement of High Fill Subgrade in Xiangli Expressway 