Optimizing Open-Pit Truck Route Based on Minimization of Time-Varying Transport Energy Consumption

Table 2

Rolling resistance for various types of road surfaces (Zhahanaoer Open-Pit Mine).

Various types of road surfaces	Rolling resistance
(1) Very hard, smooth roadway or dirt surface, no penetration or flexing	0.010∼0.018
(2) Hard, smooth, stabilized surfaced roadway without penetration under load, watered, maintained	0.018∼0.020
(3) Firm, smooth, rolling roadway with dirt or light surfacing, flexing surfacing, flexing slightly, maintained slightly, maintained fairly regularly, watered	0.020∼0.030
(4) Dirt roadway, rutted or flexing under load, little maintenance, no water, 25 mm tire penetration or flexing	0.030∼0.045
(5) Dirt roadway, rutted or flexing under load, little maintenance, no water, 50 mm tire penetration or flexing	0.045∼0.060
(6) Rutted dirt roadway, soft under travel, no maintenance, no stabilization, 100 mm tire penetration or flexing	0.060∼0.075
(7) Rutted dirt roadway, soft under travel, no maintenance, no stabilization, 200 mm tire penetration and flexing	0.075∼0.1
(8) Very soft, muddy, rutted roadway, 300 mm tire penetration, no flexing	0.1∼0.14