Research Article
Speech Watermarking for Tampering Detection Based on Modifications to LSFs
Table 1
Bit detection rates for robustness tests.
| | Processing | Bit detection rates (%) | | Nonblind detection | Blind detection |
| | No modifications | 100.00 | 98.75 | | Scaling by 0.5 | 100.00 | 98.75 | | Scaling by 2.0 | 100.00 | 98.75 | | Resampling at 12 kHz | 91.25 | 45.00 | | Resampling at 24 kHz | 100.00 | 97.50 | | Requantization with 8 bits | 80.00 | 51.25 | | Requantization with 24 bits | 100.00 | 98.75 | | STFT | 100.00 | 98.75 |
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