Application of Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Vehicle Crashworthiness

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:8.03em"/><col style="width:13.68em"/><col style="width:14.14em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Evaluation index</td><td class="align_center">Approximate model prediction</td><td class="align_center">Optimized finite element results</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">D1</td><td class="align_center">84.7mm</td><td class="align_center">86.2mm</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">D2</td><td class="align_center">241.6mm</td><td class="align_center">243.3mm</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">D3</td><td class="align_center">242.1mm</td><td class="align_center">243.4mm</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 23.8584ptpx;"><svg height="9.25202pt" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 23.8584 9.25202" width="23.8584pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M483 97L471 123C436 91 401 65 392 65C388 65 384 74 390 106C414 239 444 378 457 429L455 433C444 433 429 436 416 439C392 444 368 448 344 448C281 448 204 415 152 376C71 315 23 205 23 103C23 21 57 -12 85 -12C114 -12 149 6 185 34C231 70 285 119 329 183H331L309 81C292 0 308 -12 326 -12C350 -12 421 24 483 97ZM374 387C370 363 356 291 345 261C315 193 181 50 139 50C124 50 110 71 110 118C110 224 153 331 218 379C238 394 271 402 301 402C329 402 359 394 374 387Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.993,3.132)"><path d="M781 91L765 118C733 86 702 70 693 70C686 70 685 77 692 106L738 297C772 439 736 451 712 451S675 445 647 431C605 410 526 356 452 257H450L459 294C491 426 459 451 429 451C403 451 386 445 361 431C312 404 239 343 170 253H168L188 333C208 411 205 451 175 451C148 451 85 417 24 346L39 318C57 338 100 374 112 374C120 374 122 372 115 339C91 226 62 112 28 -6L37 -12C59 -4 87 3 114 6C125 68 142 127 154 168C184 227 316 383 372 383C397 383 396 366 381 289C362 192 338 92 312 -6L317 -12C339 -5 367 3 396 6L434 170C468 234 598 383 650 383C668 383 676 369 664 319L609 90C593 23 600 -12 629 -12C654 -12 722 23 781 91Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.319,3.132)"><path d="M490 97L476 124C442 96 405 70 398 70C392 70 390 78 396 114C419 243 448 379 463 432L457 436C446 436 431 439 418 442C393 447 368 451 343 451C281 451 204 418 155 381C74 320 24 206 24 107C24 23 59 -12 88 -12C118 -12 155 5 191 34C236 70 290 122 328 177H330L312 84C296 0 311 -12 331 -12C355 -12 425 24 490 97ZM374 387C371 367 360 299 347 264C323 202 187 53 142 53C128 53 113 73 113 120C113 224 157 332 221 380C241 395 274 403 303 403C330 403 360 395 374 387Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.998,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">47.9m/s<sup>2</sup></td><td class="align_center">48.5m/s<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">m</td><td class="align_center">710.4kg</td><td class="align_center">710.41kg</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Optimized response fitting effect table.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Application of Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Vehicle Crashworthiness 