Optimal Torque Split Strategy of Dual-Motor Electric Vehicle Using Adaptive Nonlinear Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 1

Vehicle parameters of target vehicle.

Vehicle characteristics
Vehicle mass (half load) (m)	2000 kg
Dynamic rolling radius (r)	0.273 m
Frontal area (A)	5 m^2
Transmission efficiency	0.9504
Air drag coefficient	0.4
Rolling resistance coefficient	0.01
Rotary mass coefficient	1.12
Gravitational acceleration ()	9.8 m/s^2
Final drive ratio (front/rear axle)	6.732
Top speed	85 km/h
Climbing capacity	20% at 25 km/h
Acceleration time (0–50 km/h)	7 s